{"id":870,"date":"2019-01-10T20:30:24","date_gmt":"2019-01-10T17:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unicosigorta.com.tr\/blog\/?p=870"},"modified":"2019-01-17T09:41:50","modified_gmt":"2019-01-17T06:41:50","slug":"permafrostu-duydunuz-mu-donuk-topraklar-cozunmesi-once-kuzey-kutbuna-sonra-dunyanin-kalanina-neler-yapabilir-biliyor-musunuz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.unicosigorta.com.tr\/blog\/permafrostu-duydunuz-mu-donuk-topraklar-cozunmesi-once-kuzey-kutbuna-sonra-dunyanin-kalanina-neler-yapabilir-biliyor-musunuz\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmayla beraber gelen tehdit: Permafrost"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimini kendi co\u011frafyam\u0131z da dahil her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l daha belirgin ya\u015f\u0131yoruz ve g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bu de\u011fi\u015fime olan fark\u0131ndal\u0131k da art\u0131yor, ancak yine de yeterli de\u011fil. Zira iklim de\u011fi\u015fimi ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ne toplumlar\u0131n fark\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kadar ne de bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffettikleri kadar. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimi o kadar kapsaml\u0131 ki tahmin edemeyece\u011fimiz, ancak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda fark edebildi\u011fimiz b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar\u0131 olabilen bir olgu. \u00d6rne\u011fin birazdan \u00fczerine konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z konumuz buna bir \u00f6rnek. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya ve onun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri olan iklim de\u011fi\u015fimine kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en hassas b\u00f6lgelerinden biri kutuplar. Tabii kutuplar deyince akla ilk erimesi ve d\u00fcnyaya etkileri geliyor akla, ama bunun yan\u0131nda ve \u00f6tesinde b\u00f6lgedeki yerle\u015fik ya\u015fama tehdit olu\u015fturan noktalar var. \u00d6rne\u011fin Permafrost. Tabi tehdit olan nokta bu de\u011fil. Permafrost, kutuplar\u0131n topra\u011f\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 da donmu\u015f toprak. Oradaki iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun olarak toprak donarak \u015fekillenmi\u015f ve do\u011fal olarak buradaki topluluklar ve altyap\u0131lar da bu toprak \u00fczerine kurulu. Tehdit olan k\u0131s\u0131m \u015fu: Bu toprak binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r stabil, o koskoca Kuzey Kutbu\u2019nu bir arada tutacak kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yap\u0131da, bu y\u00fczden \u00fczerinde ya\u015famaya elveri\u015fli. Ancak son y\u0131llarda k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n daha da art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla bu topraklar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131, bu da \u00fczerindeki evlerin, binalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne, yollar\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na neden oluyor. Hi\u00e7 akl\u0131na gelmi\u015f miydi? Bilimsel olarak da ya\u015fanan hadiselerle konu ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya al\u0131nd\u0131. Yeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, permafrostlar\u0131n (donmu\u015f topraklar\u0131n) erimesi-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesi Kuzey Kutbu\u2019nun altyap\u0131s\u0131na ciddi zarar verebilir ve bu da yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.6 milyon insan\u0131 etkileyebilir. <\/span>Nature Communications<\/span><\/i>\u2019ta yay\u0131mlanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Kuzey Kutbu\u2019nda altyap\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %70\u2019inin permafrost \u00fczerinde in\u015fa edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Ve bu altyap\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde evler, hastaneler, yollar, tren yollar\u0131, sanayi b\u00f6lgeleri var. K\u0131sacas\u0131, konu hi\u00e7 de kulak ard\u0131 edilecek bir durumda de\u011fil ne yaz\u0131k ki. Kuzey Kutbu\u2019nda permafrost \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfusun \u00be\u2019\u00fc \u00a0-ki bu yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.6 milyon insana tekab\u00fcl ediyor- gelecek 30 y\u0131lda bu durumdan zarar g\u00f6recek. Paris Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndaki iklim hedefleri ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olsa bile, Kuzey Kutbu\u2019nun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme ya\u015fanacak. Kald\u0131 ki, IPCC (H\u00fck\u00fcmetler Aras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fimi Paneli) k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 2080\u2019e kadar 3.5 \u00b0C\u2019nin bile \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 2 \u00b0C hedefi baya geride kald\u0131 gibi. Kutuplara geri d\u00f6nece\u011fim, bu araya bir parantez a\u00e7ay\u0131m; bizim bulundu\u011fumuz enlemler 1,5 dereceden sonra iklim de\u011fi\u015fiminden dramatik seviyelerde etkileniyor, \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 beklenen k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 3,5 derecenin \u00fcst\u00fc, 4 dereceyi bulmas\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\"iStock-174954319<\/p>\n

Konuya geri d\u00f6nd\u00fck; Yaln\u0131z permafrost da de\u011fil, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kuzeydeki petrol ve gaz sondaj sahalar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131, az \u00f6nce bahsetti\u011fimiz riskli b\u00f6lgede yer al\u0131yor. Bu da Rusya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k %20\u2019sinin ve ekonomisinin etkilenece\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kesimin geliri Kuzey Kutup Dairesi\u2019nin kuzeyinden sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Az \u00f6nce bahsetti\u011fim istatistikleri sa\u011flayan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, daha \u00f6nceki incelemelere k\u0131yasla daha y\u00fcksek bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu da, verilerin daha sa\u011flam ve ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Ve permafrostun nas\u0131l eridi\u011fini incelendi\u011finde \u00f6nceki kat\u0131, donuk yap\u0131s\u0131ndan ziyade toprak-su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131, daha \u00e7amurlu bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Sonu\u00e7 olarak bu ger\u00e7ekler diyor ki, zeminin yumu\u015famas\u0131yla buradaki evler ve di\u011fer binalar\u0131n altyap\u0131s\u0131 hasar g\u00f6recek ve belki milyonlarca insan bu alanda da evsiz kalacak. Kuzey Kutbu asl\u0131nda zaten Sanayi Devrimi\u2019nden dolay\u0131 1 derecelik art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkileriyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Kast\u0131m \u015fu; kutuplar k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekli ortalamadan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131yor, \u0131s\u0131nma fark\u0131 di\u011fer yerlerden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck. Yani bu durum onun i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yeni say\u0131lmaz ancak zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e ve k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmad\u0131k\u00e7a vaziyet daha k\u00f6t\u00fcye gidiyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla burada ya altyap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ya da buradaki ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7acak, adapte olmaya, de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmaya zorlayacak, hatta g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye bile zorlayacak. Biliyorsunuz, deniz sular\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131yla \u00e7o\u011fu deniz t\u00fcr\u00fc habitat\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor, bal\u0131klar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 kuzeye g\u00f6\u00e7 ediyor. Ayn\u0131 onlarda oldu\u011fu gibi art\u0131k bu g\u00f6\u00e7 durumu insana da dokunacak.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"iStock-1009490216<\/p>\n

En k\u00f6t\u00fc etkilerin Rusya ve Kuzey Avrupa\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ama tabi hep s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir yerinde olan \u015fey yaln\u0131zca orada kalm\u0131yor, tamam\u0131n\u0131 etkileyecek \u015fekilde do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 fayda veya zararlar\u0131 oluyor. \u00dcstelik atmosferin \u00e7ok uzun zamand\u0131r maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazla karbondioksiti dengelemesi \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrece\u011fi i\u00e7in d\u00fcnya t\u00fcm karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131n durdursa bile \u0131s\u0131nma y\u0131llarca devam edecek. Atmosfer ve okyanuslar\u0131n bir refleks s\u00fcresi var, bu da yakla\u015f\u0131k 40-50 y\u0131l\u0131 bulabiliyor. Bu da bize gelecek 50 y\u0131l\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fimine rezerve oldu\u011funu, bug\u00fcn frene bassak kamyonun 50 y\u0131l sonra duraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Asl\u0131nda bu bulgular, insanlar\u0131n Kuzey Kutbu’nu \u00e7oktan tahrip etti\u011fine ve bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklere m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7abuk adapte olmak gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7oooook ama \u00e7ok ba\u015fka bir nokta daha var: <\/span>Permafrostlar, gezegenimizin en b\u00fcy\u00fck C\u0130VA deposu. Ne kadar biliyor musunuz? B\u00fct\u00fcn atmosfer, topraklar ve okyanuslarda bulunan a\u011f\u0131r metalleri toplay\u0131n, sonra 2 ile \u00e7arp\u0131n, hepsinin toplam\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131na e\u015f de\u011fer demek. Muazzam bir miktardan bahsediyoruz. 2100 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar permafrostun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme miktar\u0131 i\u00e7in tahminler de %30 ile 90 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6steriyor. Yani en az \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnme %30. Ve bildi\u011finiz \u00fczere c\u0131va zehirli bir metal, ba\u015fta beyin olmak \u00fczere \u00e7o\u011fu organa zarar verebilecek tehlikeli bir madde kendisi. Donmu\u015f topraklar\u0131n erimesiyle de havaya, sulara kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da an meselesi oluyor tabiat\u0131yla<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"unnamed<\/p>\n

Finlandiya\u2019da, permafrostun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlarda yolda dalgalanmalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi bir karayolu. <\/b>JAN <\/b>HJORT<\/b><\/p>\n

Biliyorum, negatif \u015feylerden bahsettik hep ama olumsuzluklar\u0131 es ge\u00e7mek yerine konu\u015farak zarar\u0131 kald\u0131rmak yada en aza indirmek de asl\u0131nda art\u0131ya ge\u00e7mek olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeli. Evin b\u00fct\u00e7esinde geliri art\u0131rman\u0131n yan\u0131nda gereksiz giderleri de ortadan kald\u0131rmak total b\u00fct\u00e7eyi art\u0131rmak demek <\/span>☺<\/span> Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm bun bizim sebep oldu\u011fumuz \u015feyler, bu y\u00fczden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc de yine bizde, e\u011fer ge\u00e7 kalmad\u0131ysak e\u011fer. \u0130\u015fte \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc buradan ba\u015flatal\u0131m, ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00fczerinde t\u00fcketmeyelim. <\/span>Bol oksijenli, az karbonlu yeni y\u0131llar diliyorum\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimini kendi co\u011frafyam\u0131z da dahil her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l daha belirgin ya\u015f\u0131yoruz ve g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bu de\u011fi\u015fime olan fark\u0131ndal\u0131k da art\u0131yor, ancak yine de yeterli de\u011fil. Zira iklim de\u011fi\u015fimi ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ne toplumlar\u0131n fark\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kadar ne de bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffettikleri kadar. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimi o kadar kapsaml\u0131 ki tahmin edemeyece\u011fimiz, ancak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda fark edebildi\u011fimiz b\u00fcy\u00fck […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":871,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"amp_status":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arac-surus"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nK\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmayla beraber gelen tehdit: Permafrost - Unico Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unicosigorta.com.tr\/blog\/permafrostu-duydunuz-mu-donuk-topraklar-cozunmesi-once-kuzey-kutbuna-sonra-dunyanin-kalanina-neler-yapabilir-biliyor-musunuz\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmayla beraber gelen tehdit: Permafrost - Unico Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimini kendi co\u011frafyam\u0131z da dahil her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l daha belirgin ya\u015f\u0131yoruz ve g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bu de\u011fi\u015fime olan fark\u0131ndal\u0131k da art\u0131yor, ancak yine de yeterli de\u011fil. 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